Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40704788›Full record

ArticleArtificial organs2025

Ghost Cells as a Two-Phase Blood Analog Fluid -Fluorescent Mechanical Hemolysis Detection.

Benjamin J Schürmann, Bennet F Holst, Pia Creutz, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, Ulrich Steinseifer, Johanna C Clauser

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Artificial organs, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Benjamin J SchürmannDepartment of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3007-3521
Bennet F HolstDepartment of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3314-128X
Pia CreutzDepartment of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Thomas Schmitz-RodeInstitute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-2165
Ulrich SteinseiferDepartment of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Johanna C ClauserDepartment of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-2391

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study investigated fluorescent hemolysis detection as an optical method to detect local hemolysis in mechanical circulatory support systems, addressing the limitations of standard hemolysis tests and current simulation methods. Standard tests, per ASTM1841-19, quantify general hemolysis but do not localize it.

methodsWe employ a two-phase blood analog fluid composed of calcium-loaded ghost cells and phosphate-buffered saline. Ghost cells are hemoglobin-depleted red blood cells, allowing for optical measurements. A calcium-sensitive fluorescent indicator (Cal590 potassium salt, AAT Bioquest, Pleasanton, USA), activated by calcium released upon ghost cell hemolysis, enables fluorescent hemolysis detection. Hemolysis tests were conducted using porcine whole blood and the blood analog fluid, confirming that both undergo mechanical hemolysis in the Food and Drug Administration pump model.

resultsThe results revealed increased fluorescence intensity in response to hemolysis, with a quantitative fluorescence increase of 8.85/min at 3500 rpm and 2.5 L/min, indicating hemolysis, particularly at the rotor tip. Through image processing of fluorescence images, local hemolysis was visualized.

conclusionThis study is the first to use fluorescent hemolysis detection for local detection of mechanical hemolysis. Further refinement may enhance the design of mechanical circulatory support systems and bridge simulation limitations with experimental, localized hemolysis detection.

Indexed as

ErythrocytesHeart-Assist DevicesHemolysisAnimalsCalciumFluorescent DyesSwineCalciumFluorescent Dyesfluorescent mechanical hemolysis detectionresealed ghost cellstranslucent two‐phase blood analog fluid

Identifiers

PMID40704788
PMCPMC12625480

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.