ArticleActa ophthalmologica2026
Reproducibility in the identification of retinal positions on serial fundus photographs: Theory and limitations.
Article in Acta ophthalmologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Reproducibility in the identification of retinal positions on serial fundus photographs: Theory and limitations.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundImaging of the retina is accompanied by distortions so that positions in fundus photographs cannot be linearly translated to positions in the retinal fundus. The purpose of this study was to describe an algorithm and evaluate its reproducibility in identifying points on the retina from their representation on serial fundus photographs.
methodsA mathematical formalism was derived to describe how the location of the fovea and the optic disc in fundus photographs, together with the centre-nodal point distance (d) and the curvature radius (r) of the eye, can be used to calculate spatial coordinates on the retina that correspond to given locations in the photograph. The effect of manual markings of the fovea and the optic disc as reference points was evaluated, and the formalism was tested on 105 photographs recorded with different image modalities and centring from 10 different patients.
resultsRetinal locations could be identified in serial fundus photographs with a reproducibility of at least 50 μm when the centre-nodal point distance and the curvature radius were set to those in Gullstrand's standard eye. A main source of the variability was the manual identification of the fovea and optic disc used as reference points.
conclusionsThe reproducibility in the identification of locations on the retina from serial fundus photographs depends on the accuracy in the definition of the fovea and optic disc used as reference points. This affects the potential for describing locations, distances, areas and changes in retinal lesions on serial photographs over time.
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