ArticleJournal of inflammation research2025
A Multicenter Study for Establishing Reference Intervals of Serum GDF-15 Levels Based on the Chinese Population.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine mostly linked to pathological conditions including inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and cancer. We aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for GDF-15 in a large, multicenter cohort of apparently healthy Chinese individuals. Patients and Methods: Adopting unified and stringent criteria, 8,488 eligible subjects from six representative cities in China were enrolled. Serum GDF-15 concentrations were measured with the Maccura Biotechnology i3000 automatic chemiluminescence analyzer and its corresponding reagents. Outliers were identified using the Tukey's test. To determine the need for partitioning by age and sex, we conducted a two-level nested analysis of variance (ANOVA), considering an standard deviation ratio (SDR) > 0.3 as indicative of notable subgroup differences. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the RIs were established using non-parametric statistical methods, with 90% confidence interval. Results: A total of 7,764 participants were included in the data analysis, with 724 outliers excluded. GDF-15 levels displayed a skewed distribution as confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. GDF-15 levels increased with age (All Conclusion: Our study indicates that GDF-15 levels in the Chinese population are comparable to those observed in European populations, with the exception of sex-based differences.
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