Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40703603›Full record

ArticleHealth and human rights2025

Discrimination in Health Care: A Scoping Review of the Ontario Experience.

George Drazenovich

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Health and human rights, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

George DrazenovichCandidate, Lakehead University, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This scoping review examines systemic and direct health care discrimination in Ontario, Canada, from 2021 to 2024, analyzing claims, contexts, affected groups, interventions, and research gaps. It reviews 23 Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario cases, 11 articles, and 5 gray literature reports. Findings highlight prevalent discrimination claims, including denial of service, denial of entitlement, service removal, and reprisal, which disproportionately affect Indigenous Peoples, racialized groups, and individuals with disabilities. Studies emphasized policy and educational interventions, advocating culturally informed practices and rural resource equity. Following the spirit and intent of human rights law, which is preventative and remedial and not punitive, the review recommends several policy reforms, increased representation of marginalized groups, and mediation to address claims. It urges codifying health care as a constitutional right to ensure an inclusive system meeting Ontario's diverse needs.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareHealthcare DisparitiesHuman RightsSocial DiscriminationHumansOntarioPersons with Disabilities

Identifiers

PMID40703603
PMCPMC12282882

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.