Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40703315›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025

Boys born with hypospadias and fetal growth restriction exhibit shorter anogenital distances: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Wenfeng Pan, Min Wu, Yan Chen, Hua Xie, Yichen Huang, Fang Chen

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wenfeng PanDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Min WuDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yan ChenDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hua XieDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yichen HuangDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Fang ChenDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Hypospadias is a common congenital urological malformation in males, potentially associated with inadequate prenatal androgen exposure. Anogenital distances (AGDs) are biomarkers of prenatal androgen action, while fetal growth restriction (FGR) may impair gonadal development and hormone levels. This study aims to investigate the relationship between AGDs and different severities of hypospadias, with a specific focus on the impact of FGR. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on male pediatric patients treated at Shanghai Children's Hospital between August 2019 and January 2023. Patients were divided into the control group and the hypospadias group, with the latter further classified into distal, middle, and proximal subgroups based on urethral meatus location. AGDs, including anoscrotal distance (ASD), AGD-1, and AGD-2, were measured under anesthesia. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between AGDs, hypospadias severity, and FGR indicators, including low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). Results: A total of 386 pediatric patients were included, with 205 in the control group and 181 in the hypospadias group. Patients with hypospadias exhibited significantly shorter AGDs compared to the control group ( Conclusion: Boys with hypospadias and FGR exhibit significantly shorter AGDs, with more severe hypospadias and SGA showing the strongest associations. This study provides a foundation for future clinical assessments and research into prenatal factors influencing male genital development.

Indexed as

anogenital distancesfetal growth restrictionhypospadiaslow birth weight (LBW)small for gestational age (SGA)

Identifiers

PMID40703315
PMCPMC12283591

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