ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Sex-differences in the multidimensional evaluation of dyspnea in respiratory outpatients.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Respiratory symptoms and exercise responses among adult E-cigarette users with and without obesity.Physiological reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Females experience greater dyspnea intensity compared to males. The role of sex in dyspnea quality and emotional responses in respiratory outpatients is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine sex-differences in dyspnea quality and affective distress as well as relationships between dyspnea, anxiety, and depression. Materials and methods: Respiratory outpatients rated chronic exertional dyspnea intensity and impact using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale. Participants selected qualitative dyspnea descriptors from an established list of 15 descriptors and completed the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Participants ( Conclusion: In respiratory outpatients, despite similar lung function impairment and mMRC scores, females experience greater breathing muscle work, chest tightness, and mental effort as well as significantly greater anxiety, frustration, and fear related to dyspnea.
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