Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40703190›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Caregiving burdens of task time and task difficulty among paid and unpaid caregivers of persons living with dementia.

Matthew Lee Smith, Jodi L Southerland, Malinee Neelamegam, Gang Han, Shinduk Lee, Chung Lin Kew, Juanita-Dawne R Bacsu, Elyse Couch, Steffi M Kim, Monique J Brown and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Financial Toxicity and Multidimensional Economic Strain Among Dementia Caregivers.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Matthew Lee SmithSchool of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Jodi L SoutherlandCollege of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
Malinee NeelamegamCollege of Public Health, The University of North Texas, Forth Worth, TX, United States.
Gang HanSchool of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Shinduk LeeCenter for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Chung Lin KewSchool of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Juanita-Dawne R BacsuSchool of Nursing, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada.
Elyse CouchSchool of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Steffi M KimDepartment of Psychology, University of Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States.
Monique J BrownArnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
Ayse MalatyaliCollege of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
Lucas WilsonSchool of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Zahra RahemiSchool of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Jeremy HollowaySchool of Education, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, United States.
Marcia G OrySchool of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Demands of caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD) are often influenced by the context of their caregiving situation. This study examines common and unique factors associated with caregiving burden in terms of task time and task difficulty among paid and unpaid caregivers of PLWD. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline survey data were analyzed from 107 paid and unpaid caregivers of PLWD participating in a larger NIH-funded study assessing the feasibility of using a novel in-situ sensor system. Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale constructs of task time and task difficulty served as dependent variables. Two least squares regression models were fitted, controlling for contextual items related to the caregiver, care recipient, and caregiving logistics. Results: Caregivers whose care recipients were female ( Discussion: Results reinforce the relationship between caregiver burden and mental health impacts. While the care recipient's disease profile and needs were drivers of task time burden, which may also require coordination with other paid caregivers, task difficulty was emotionally driven. Findings highlight the importance of caregiver support services and programming for mental health.

Indexed as

CaregiversCost of IllnessDementiaAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTime Factorscaregiver burdendementiamental healthpaid caregiverstrainunpaid caregiver

Identifiers

PMID40703190
PMCPMC12283594

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.