Observational studyFrontiers in public health2025
Global burden of childhood developmental intellectual disability caused by iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2040.
Observational study in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling and validation in Parkinson's disease patients with frailty.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Iodine deficiency remains a leading preventable cause of childhood developmental intellectual disability (DID), imposing a substantial and enduring global public health burden; despite decades of global efforts to combat iodine deficiency, persistent health inequalities and uneven progress highlight critical gaps. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the global burden, temporal trends, and inequalities in childhood DID attributable to iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2021 and projected to 2040. Our results will inform evidence-based public health policies, especially in the most affected areas. Methods: This observational study utilized secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, which covered 204 countries and territories. The burden of DID was stratified by age, sex, and region. Age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and age-standardized years lived with disability (ASYR) were calculated. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression by estimated the annual percent change and average annual percent change (AAPC). Health inequalities were assessed using the slope index of inequality. Forecasts to 2040 were generated using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results: Global ASPR declined from 43.06 to 8.96/100,000 (AAPC = -4.95) and ASYR from 7.71 to 1.67/100,000 (AAPC = -4.81) between 1990 and 2021. Despite this progress, low socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, particularly Central Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, continue to bear the highest burden. Somalia had the highest 2021 rates (ASPR: 47.86; ASYR: 9.40/100,000). SDI correlated negatively with ASPR (R = -0.62, Conclusion: While public health interventions have reduced the global burden of DID caused by iodine deficiency, persistent inequalities in vulnerable regions demand urgent policy action: scaling up universal salt iodization programs in high-burden areas, integrating maternal nutrition education into primary healthcare systems, and prioritizing resource allocation to regions with stagnating SDI indices.
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