ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
High-Resolution AFM Visualization of Nanocellulose Surface Grafting with Small Molecules.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- High-Resolution AFM Visualization of Nanocellulose Surface Grafting with Small Molecules.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nanocelluloses are attractive for bio-based materials development due to their renewability, intrinsic properties, and ease of functionalization. However, characterization of nanocelluloses functionalized with small molecules at low grafting densities is challenging. Here, the use of high-resolution frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) to directly visualize the covalent grafting of small molecules is demonstrated for the first time. Using epichlorohydrin as a linker, α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)methanol are attached to the surface of bacterial nanocellulose. The presence of these groups is verified through spectroscopic measurements, and their covalent attachment is confirmed with FM-AFM. Furthermore, the retention of cyclodextrin host-guest activity after surface grafting is also demonstrated. This work represents a novel application of FM-AFM for the characterization of small molecule-grafted nanocelluloses, allowing for future development of advanced functionalization strategies.
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