ReviewCancer science2025
The Black Hole of Immune Checkpoint Blocking Therapy for Gastric Cancer: Hyperprogressive Disease.
Review in Cancer science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular classification and precision therapy in gastric cancer: Current advances and future perspectives (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- p62/SQSTM1-TRAF6/RIP1 complexes activate NF-κB-mediated PD-L1 expression and promote T-cell apoptosis in MKN45 gastric cancer cells.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represented by PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies have shown some good efficacy in various solid tumors such as gastric cancer. However, only about less than 30% of patients benefit from ICIs, and some patients experience rapid tumor growth posttreatment, known as hyperprogressive disease (HPD). Collectively, the overall survival of HPD patients is significantly shorter compared to patients with traditional disease progression, and there is no unified criterion for diagnosing HPD. Some biological mechanisms of HPD in gastric cancer caused by ICIs are still unclear, and factors associated with the occurrence of HPD are uncertain. Notably, it is believed that intrinsic factors, such as abnormal expression of oncogenic genes, and extrinsic factors, including remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, "drift" of immune cell subtypes, may be related to the occurrence of HPD in gastric cancer. Due to its immune stimulatory effects, ICIs may activate certain oncogenic pathways within the tumor, resulting in the appearance of tumor HPD phenomena through increased expression and mutations of some genes, as well as disruption of the balance between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, this review summarizes the mechanisms, predictive biomarkers, prevention, and treatment methods of HPD after immune checkpoint blockade therapy, providing a theoretical basis for making a judgment on the efficacy of ICI treatment for gastric cancer.
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Registered trials
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