ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2025
Breastfeeding, genetic susceptibility, and type 2 diabetes in offspring in later life.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-life exposures, biological age acceleration, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: mediation analyses in the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Impact of nurse-focused Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative training program on mothers' breastfeeding practices at hospital discharge: a quasi-experimental study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding in Infancy and Adult Health: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding, genetic susceptibility, and type 2 diabetes in offspring in later life.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOur objective was to assess the prospective association between breastfeeding and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in offspring and to investigate the joint effects of breastfeeding and genetic susceptibility on T2D risk.
methodsWe included 364,562 participants free from prevalent T2D from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and incident T2D.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 12 years, 12,795 cases of incident T2D were recorded. Ever breastfeeding was associated with a significantly lower risk of T2D compared with never breastfeeding (hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99). Additionally, significant interaction effects on T2D risk were observed between breastfeeding and T2D genetic risk score (T2D-GRS), both multiplicatively and additively. The association between T2D-GRS and risk of T2D was stronger in participants who were never breastfed compared with those who were breastfed (p for multiplicative interaction = 0.040). The risk of T2D associated with never breastfeeding combined with a high T2D-GRS was greater than the sum of the risks associated with each individual factor (p for additive interaction = 0.007).
conclusionsBreastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of incident T2D in offspring, showing both multiplicative and additive interactions with T2D-GRS.
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Registered trials
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