Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40702449›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

pH-Responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticle-reinforced composite resin with remineralization capability.

Yongcheng Ge, Ting Zhao, Yuguang Liu, Sizheng Fan, Pengyuan Liu, Chengji Zhao, Xiaoqiu Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yongcheng GeDepartment of Geriatric Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China.
Ting ZhaoJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Yuguang LiuDepartment of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, China.
Sizheng FanDepartment of Geriatric Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China.
Pengyuan LiuDepartment of Geriatric Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China.
Chengji ZhaoCollege of Chemistry, Alan G MacDiarmid Institute, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. zhaochengji@jlu.edu.cn.
Xiaoqiu LiuDepartment of Geriatric Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China. xqliu@jlu.edu.cn.

Funding

Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China 2023YFB4605405the Jilin University Teaching Reform Program 2023XZD106the Scientific and Technological Development Scheme of Jilin Province No.YDZJ202402060CXJD
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEnhancing the mechanical properties of composite resins and promoting dentin remineralization are effective strategies for extending the longevity of restorations. In this study, we developed a pH-responsive composite resin reinforced with phosphorylated chitosan (Pchi)/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) (Pchi/ACP@A-MSN complexes).

methodsMSNs and Pchi/ACP were synthesized, and the resulting composite resins were classified into five groups based on the filler compositions: Group A (45wt.% A-MSNs + 15wt.% Pchi/ACP + 40wt.% resin matrix), Group B (22.5wt.% A-MSNs + 37.5wt.% Pchi/ACP@A-MSNs + 40wt.% resin matrix), Group C (45wt.% nonporous silica + 15wt.% Pchi/ACP + 40wt.% resin matrix), Group D (15wt.% Pchi/ACP + 85wt.% resin matrix), and Group E (100wt.% resin matrix). The degree of double-bond conversion and mechanical properties (Flexural modulus, flexural strength, and Vickers hardness) of each group were measured. The remineralization performance and calcium ion (Ca²⁺) release performance were observed. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.

resultsGroup A exhibited the highest mechanical performance, with flexural strength of 115 ± 9.68 MPa, flexural modulus of 5.99 ± 0.44 GPa, and Vickers hardness of 31.73 ± 2.39 HV. All groups achieved double-bond conversion rates > 50% after 60 s of light curing (P > 0.05). At pH 4.0, Group B exhibited the highest Ca²⁺ release (276 µg/mL), while Group D had the highest release at pH 7.4 (128 µg/mL). SEM and EDS analyses indicated that Group D achieved the most substantial dentin remineralization, followed by Groups C and A. All groups maintained cell viability above 75% throughout the 7-day assay, with no significant cytotoxicity observed.

conclusionA composite formulation containing 45 wt% A-MSNs and 15 wt% Pchi/ACP (Group A) significantly enhanced mechanical strength. The 15 wt% Pchi/ACP formulation (Group D) demonstrated the greatest remineralization effect. Group B, combining A-MSNs and Pchi/ACP@A-MSNs, provided pH-responsive Ca²⁺ release with a favorable balance of mechanical performance and remineralization potential. All formulations met the biocompatibility requirements for dental applications.

Indexed as

Composite ResinsNanoparticlesSilicon DioxideTooth RemineralizationCalcium PhosphatesCell SurvivalChitosanElastic ModulusFlexural StrengthHardnessHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMaterials TestingPorosityamorphous calcium phosphateCalcium PhosphatesChitosanComposite ResinsSilicon DioxideCalcium ion releaseDental compositeDentinMesoporous silica nanoparticleRemineralization

Identifiers

PMID40702449
PMCPMC12288323

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.