Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40702417›Full record

SynthesisBMC emergency medicine2025

Metallophosphide poisoning, a rising public health problem in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kassaye Demeke Altaye, Bethelhem Yenenew Assefa, Adina Worku Teka, Saron Mulugeta Worku, Geta Bayu Genet, Bikis Liyew, Nahom Worku Teshager

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC emergency medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kassaye Demeke AltayeDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia. kassayedm@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-3259
Bethelhem Yenenew AssefaDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Adina Worku TekaDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Saron Mulugeta WorkuDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Geta Bayu GenetDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Bikis LiyewDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Nahom Worku TeshagerDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMetallophosphide poisoning, mainly due to aluminum phosphide and zinc phosphide, is a growing public health problem in developing countries associated with a high mortality rate, including in Ethiopia, where it is used a fumigant for stored grains and agricultural commodities. Ethiopia lacks a well-organized poison control center, making it difficult to obtain primary data on metallophosphide poisoning cases and outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the pooled prevalence and mortality rate from metallophosphide poisoning in Ethiopia.

methodsAs of August 2024, PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were inclusively searched. Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Quality was assessed using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. A random effects model was used to obtain the pooled estimate of the prevalence of and mortality rate from metallophosphide poisoning.

resultsFourteen studies with a sample size of 3218 were included in the final estimate. The pooled prevalence of metallophosphide poisoning in this systematic review and meta-analysis was 38% (95% CI: 0.14-0.71, I

conclusionWe found a high pooled prevalence of metallophosphide poisoning in Ethiopia. This highlights the urgent need for regulatory actions to restrict the sales and distribution of these substances. This is supported by international experiences from similar low-resource settings. We recommend safer alternatives to control insects and rodents, such as mechanical rodent controls and integrated pest management. Public awareness creation and enhancing local management protocols to reduce the burden and improve the outcome of metallophosphide poisoning.

Indexed as

Aluminum CompoundsPesticidesPhosphinesZinc CompoundsEthiopiaHumansPrevalencePublic HealthAluminum Compoundsaluminum phosphidePesticidesPhosphinesZinc Compoundszinc phosphideAluminum PhosphideEthiopiaMeta-AnalysisMetallophosphide PoisoningPooled Mortality RatePooled PrevalenceSystematic ReviewZinc Phosphide

Identifiers

PMID40702417
PMCPMC12866887

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.