ArticleBritish journal of cancer2025
The colorectal liver metastasis growth pattern phenotype is not dependent on genotype.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The State of the Art on Management of Patients with Unresectable Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal cancer liver metastases broadly classify patients into two groups post-liver metastasectomy, with encapsulated HGP indicating a more favourable prognosis. The potential association between HGPs and specific mutations is poorly understood.
methodsUsing next-generation sequencing data of 461 resected patients (104 patients with encapsulated versus 357 patients with non-encapsulated HGP), 19 putative colorectal cancer driver genes, tumour mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) or POLE mediated hypermutation were compared.
resultsMost putative drivers, including KRAS (q = 0.89), NRAS (q = 0.98),) and BRAF (q = 0.97)), were not associated with HGP. However, mutations in B2M and PTEN were associated with a encapsulated phenotype (7% vs. 0%, q = 0.001, and 9% vs. 2%, q = 0.02, respectively). TMB was higher in encapsulated patients (median 5.8 vs. 5.1 mutations per megabase, p = 0.009). Multivariable overall survival analysis corrected for genetic and patient factors confirmed that the encapsulated phenotype was an independent prognostic factor (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.99). Upon stratified analysis, all identified genetic associations were equivocal between the cohorts.
conclusionsWhile an association between genetic drivers of adaptive immune responses seems probable and could explain a minority of encapsulated patients, these results primarily demonstrate that HGP phenotype is independent of the tumour genotype.
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