ArticleBMJ open2025
Trends and drivers of blindness and vision loss burden attributable to age-related macular degeneration from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multivariable Prognostic Models for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Decoding the Bone-Eye Axis: Machine Learning for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Prediction.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Long-Term Trends in the Global Burden of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Sex Differences, Aging Effects, and Future Projections in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Ophthalmic research · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the trends and drivers of the burden of blindness and vision loss (BVL) attributable to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from 1990 to 2021.
designCross-sectional study.
settingStudies from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 database, generated from population-representative data sources identified through a literature review and research collaborations, were included. OUTCOMES: Total numbers and age-standardised rates of prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were the main outcomes. Secondary outcomes consisted of the temporal trends in the BVL burden attributable to AMD at global, regional and national levels, using an age-period-cohort model, and factors influencing changes in BVL burden attributable to AMD, using decomposition analysis.
resultsAge-standardised prevalence and DALY rates of BVL attributable to AMD showed a decreasing trend, with a global net drift in prevalence of -0.35% (95% CI: -0.38 to -0.32) per year. Globally, we observed unfavourable age effects, subtle period effects and positive cohort effects on prevalence. Over the past three decades, the global increase in prevalence and DALYs of BVL attributable to AMD was primarily due to population growth and ageing.
conclusionsOur research indicates that the population growth and ageing have exacerbated the burden of BVL attributable to AMD over the past 30 years. We identified countries with substantial room for improvement and those with exemplary performance to inspire potential ideas for better managing BVL attributable to AMD.
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