ArticleBMJ open2025
Barriers and challenges: a descriptive qualitative study of job satisfaction among direct care workers who provide long-term care services in Shandong Province, China.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The price of caring: a qualitative inquiry into the influencing factors of compassion fatigue among long-term professional caregivers.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Willingness of nursing undergraduates to work in long-term care facilities: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Job Dissatisfaction Among Elderly Care Nurses Working in Hospital Inpatient Settings: A Qualitative Study.SAGE open nursingArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe special nature of the functional ability of older individuals with disabilities places higher demands on the quantity and quality of long-term care (LTC) services. However, LTC services lag significantly behind, with LTC facilities facing challenges in recruiting and retaining direct care workers (DCWs). Job satisfaction significantly affects turnover rates. To enhance the stability of the care workforce, there is an urgent need for an in-depth analysis of the barriers and challenges that affect job satisfaction from the perspective of DCWs.
objectivesThis study uses the Herzberg's two-factor theory to explore the barriers and challenges that affect job satisfaction among DCWs in LTC services from their perspective.
designA descriptive qualitative study design involving face-to-face semistructured interviews. Thematic framework analysis was used to generate qualitative codes and identify themes.
participantsThe study included 31 DCWs from an LTC service institution.
settingThis study was conducted in Shandong Province, China. In each city, 3-4 medium-sized to large-sized facilities that provided LTC care services were selected.
resultsDCWs faced barriers in terms of motivation and hygiene factors. The hygiene factors deficiencies are primarily related to systemic barriers to LTCI policy and the absence of a home care safety system. The main impediments to motivational factors include poor working conditions, discordant interpersonal communication, emotional labour overload and low occupational identity.
conclusionsDCWs face multiple barriers and challenges related to job satisfaction. This study may provide a framework to guide the improvement of intervening variables in the provision of LTC services. In the future, more emphasis should be placed on service providers as the mainstay of LTC policy practice; this will ensure that both the hygiene and motivation factors among DCWs are addressed and implemented simultaneously. Concurrently, the LTC insurance system should be used as a guarantee to promote the synergistic development of LTC services and the stability of the DCWs.
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