Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40701191›Full record

Trial reportPreventive medicine2025

Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of very low nicotine cigarettes: Outcomes across social and demographic groups.

Ridwan J Said, Dana Mowls Carroll, Xianghua Luo, Jiayi Hu, Qing Cao, Katelyn M Tessier, Lorna Bittencourt, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Center for Evaluation of Nicotine in Cigarettes (CENIC)

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03272685 (Impact of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in a Complex Marketplace Part of "Evaluating New Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes"), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03272685 phase3completednot on this map

Impact of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in a Complex Marketplace Part of "Evaluating New Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes"

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MinnesotaRan2018 to 2023Enrolled799ConditionsTobacco Smoking, Nicotine DependenceArmsVery Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes, Normal Nicotine Content Cigarettes
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ridwan J SaidDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, United States.
Dana Mowls CarrollDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States. Electronic address: dcarroll@umn.edu.
Xianghua LuoMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, United States.
Jiayi HuDivision of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, United States.
Qing CaoMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States.
Katelyn M TessierMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States.
Lorna BittencourtDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, United States.
Dorothy K HatsukamiMasonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, United States.
Center for Evaluation of Nicotine in Cigarettes (CENIC)

Funding

Women's CancerP30CA077598 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI Timothy C. Hallstrom · 1998 to 2026
$100.4M
VERY LOW NICOTINE CIGARETTES IN SMOKERS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIAU54DA031659 · NIDA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI HATSUKAMI, DOROTHY K · 2011 to 2022
$64.7M
University of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UMN CTSI)UL1TR002494 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BLAZAR, BRUCE R, WEISDORF, DANIEL J · 2018 to 2022
$34.9M
Laying the Foundation for Personalized Smoking Cessation Treatment in the American Indian PopulationK01MD014795 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI CARROLL, DANA MOWLS · 2020 to 2024
$684k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002494NCI NIH HHS P30 CA077598NIDA NIH HHS U54 DA031659NIMHD NIH HHS K01 MD014795
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine whether the impact of a nicotine reduction standard (NRS) varies by socio-demographics.

methodsSecondary analysis of a 12-week trial (2018-2022) with 438 people who smoke (PWS) comparing very low nicotine content (VLNC) vs. normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes. Moderation by education, race, and age on cigarettes per day (CPD), smoke-free days, and biomarkers (CEMA, NNAL) was assessed using interaction models.

resultsFor race and education, interaction tests for moderation were not significant (ps > 0.05). In subgroup analyses, VLNC condition reduced CPD and biomarkers and increased smoke-free days with the following exception: no difference in CEMA was observed by condition among those of lower education (Geometric mean ratio [GMR] = 0.72, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.39, 1.33). For age, multiple interaction tests were significant. In subgroup analyses, older but not younger adults, had no VLNC vs. NNC differences for CEMA (GMR: 0.85 [CI = 0.51, 1.41] vs 0.47 [CI = 0.35, 0.62]) or smoke-free days (rate ratio: 1.85 [CI = 0.63, 5.55] vs 5.85 [CI = 3.12, 10.89]).

conclusionAge and potentially education moderate NRS effects among PWS. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Targeted support for older adults and those with lower education may maximize NRS benefits.

trial registrationNCT03272685.

Indexed as

NicotineSmoking CessationTobacco ProductsAdultEducational StatusFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotineCessationDemographicHealthPolicySmokingSocial

Identifiers

PMID40701191
PMCPMC12338117

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.