ArticleEcotoxicology and environmental safety2025
Women's bone health trajectories from pregnancy to postpartum: Associations with bone-seeking metal exposure mixtures during pregnancy.
Article in Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Exposure to metals can impact bone health in women during sensitive periods. However, the longitudinal effect of exposure to a metal mixture on bone strength trajectories during peri-pregnancy is unknown. Our study included pregnant women from the PROGRESS cohort with metal exposures and bone strength z-scores of the radius (n = 329) and proximal phalanx (n = 270). Bone strength z-scores were assessed using quantitative ultrasound during the 3rd trimester, and 1 and 6 months postpartum. We then averaged levels of bone-seeking metals in blood (Pb, Mn) and urine (Cd, Ba, Al) assessed during pregnancy. Metals were jointly linked as a single exposure mixture with prospective bone strength z-scores using Bayesian Varying Coefficient Kernel Machine Regression. We observed that a quartile increase in Al levels was positively associated with radius z-scores at 3rd trimester of pregnancy [β = 0.10 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.18)], while a quartile increase in Cd levels was negatively associated with radius z-score trajectories from the 3rd trimester across postpartum [β = -0.30 (95 % CI: -0.49, -0.11)]. We also observed several negative associations between Mn [β = -0.10 (95 % CI: -0.18, -0.03)], Pb [β = -0.09 (95 % CI: -0.16, -0.02)], or Al [β = -0.12 (95 % CI: -0.21, -0.03)] with phalanx z-score levels at pregnancy, but that did not persist throughout the postpartum trajectory. Stratified models indicated potential differential effects in mothers carrying a male fetus compared to mothers carrying a female fetus. Our study findings indicate overall deleterious effects from metals on bone strength in pregnancy and at postpartum.
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