ArticleScience translational medicine2025
Preexisting immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus reduces susceptibility to H5N1 infection and disease in ferrets.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies boosted by H1N1pdm infection cross-react differently with H5N1 of clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1a.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Pre-existing and cross-reactive immunity to avian influenza H5N1 in humans: Implications for pandemic risk and vaccine strategies.The Journal of infection · 2026Review
- Population Immunity to Influenza Neuraminidase: From Immune Imprinting to Pandemic Preparedness.Vaccines · 2026Review
- H5N1 influenza binding and cell entry via human class II MHC, and blocking by cross-reactive antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A lethal human H5N5 influenza virus isolate exhibits low pandemic risk traits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor FK866 restricts influenza A virus replication by perturbing viral polymerase activity.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Bovine-derived H5N1 influenza virus efficiently infects lactating swine via the mammary gland.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cattle and human organoids reveal 2.3.4.4b H5N1 cross-species transmission potential and neuraminidase-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Prior immunity to seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus confers varying levels of cross-protection against challenge with clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1), A(H7N9), or A(H9N2) virus in a ferret model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Cross-reactive H5N1 Neuraminidase Antibodies by Age and Influenza A Imprinting Cohorts of the Past Century: Population-Based Serosurvey, British Columbia, Canada.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Population immunity to clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is dominated by anti-neuraminidase antibodies.mBio · 2026Article
- Replication Efficiency of Contemporary Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Isolates in Human Nasal Epithelium Model.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antibody Recognition of Highly and Low-Pathogenic A/H5Nx Influenza Viruses in Sera of Mexican Donors.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immune history confers antibody- and T cell-dependent cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to highly pathogenic avian influenza 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) virus in the United States.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immunological and virological questions for H5N1 pandemic emergence.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- Low-level human memory T and B cells recognising avian influenza hemagglutinins are poorly responsive to existing seasonal influenza vaccines.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Zoonotic infections with emerging influenza viruses occur in the context of population-wide immunity to seasonal strains. Because of the worldwide spread of highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 influenza viruses in wild birds, there have been numerous spillover events into mammals. This includes a recent spillover into dairy cows that started an ongoing outbreak across the United States. Human infections with avian and bovine origin H5N1 influenza viruses have been documented, raising concern that these viruses may cause a pandemic. Therefore, using a ferret model, we evaluated the impact of preexisting, infection-elicited immunity on susceptibility to H5N1 infection and on severity of disease. Preexisting immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus prevented severe H5N1 disease and reduced susceptibility to infection through direct contact with an infected donor ferret. These studies demonstrate that preexisting immunity to influenza viruses, especially the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, is a barrier to infection and disease caused by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses.
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