ArticleVision (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Insulin Nanoemulsion Eye Drops for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial Phase I/II.
Article in Vision (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a hallmark of primary Sjögren's disease (SjD) and often resists conventional treatments like lubricant eye drops. Insulin nanoemulsions offer a potential solution by improving drug penetration and retention on the ocular surface. In animal models, insulin has shown benefits in promoting tear secretion and corneal healing. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of insulin nanoemulsion eye drops (20 IU/mL, three times daily for 30 days) in patients with SjD. Thirty-two patients were randomized in a double-masked design to receive either insulin or placebo drops. Symptoms (assessed by OSDI questionnaire) and objective measures (tear film breakup time, corneal and conjunctival staining, and Schirmer Test) were recorded at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment, and at a 4-week follow-up. Twenty-three participants completed the study. Both groups showed significant improvement in symptoms and objective signs after treatment (
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