ArticleAnnals of African medicine2026
A Comparative Study of the Profile of Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors among Subsets of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in a Special Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinic in South-East Nigeria.
Article in Annals of African medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
contextThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus with several neurological manifestations including cognitive impairment.
aimsThis study aimed to determine and compare the frequency of cognitive impairment and associated factors among subsets of HIV-positive patients and matched controls using neuropsychological test battery. SETTINGS AND
designThis was a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in a Southeastern Nigerian Special HIV clinic. SUBJECTS AND
methodsTwo subsets of HIV patients; the combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) experienced patients and the CART naïve patients and matched HIV negative subjects were surveyed using the World Health Organization/University of California, Los Angeles neuropsychological test battery. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical Package for the Social Science version 20.0 was used.
resultsThe overall frequency of neurocognitive impairment was 76.1% (mild 44.6% and moderate-to-severe cognitive 31.5%). Although there was no statistically significant difference in the percentages of CART naïve patients (76.3%; n = 29/38) and CART-exposed (75.9%, n = 41/54) that had cognitive impairment, severe cognitive impairment was more among the CART naïve patients (44.4%; n = 24/54) and mild cognitive impairment more among CART-exposed (63.1%; n = 24/38). CART-exposed patients had better scores in most of the subtests of the battery compared to CART-naïve patients but the observed difference was not statistically significant. The observed relationship between cognitive impairment and age, sex, or level of education was also not statistically significant.
conclusionHIV-associated neurocognitive impairment is still common in HIV patients and treatment with ART may reduce its severity.
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