Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40699411›Full record

SynthesisJournal of youth and adolescence2026

Does Empathy Predict Bullying, or Does Bullying Predict Empathy? A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

Xiaowei Chu, Xue Lu, Xiaomin Huang

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of youth and adolescence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xiaowei ChuZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China. chuqxw@zjnu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8731
Xue LuZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Xiaomin HuangZhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite widespread recognition that empathy is implicated in bullying among children and adolescents, there remains a critical lack of consensus on the longitudinal, bidirectional nature of their relationship, as well as the demographic and methodological factors that may moderate these associations. This study conducted a meta-analysis of existing longitudinal evidence to explore the bidirectional relationships between empathy and bullying perpetration/victimization and investigate the moderation effects of demographic and design factors to identify sources of study heterogeneity. Through searches of four global databases and four Chinese databases, followed by title/abstract screening and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, the present meta-analysis included 23 studies with a total of 21296 participants (52.6% female; M

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorBullyingCrime VictimsEmpathyAdolescentChildFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleBullying perpetrationBullying victimizationEmpathyLongitudinalMeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID40699411

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.