ReviewDiscover nano2025
Transformative bioprinting: 4D printing and its role in the evolution of engineering and personalized medicine.
Review in Discover nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Closing the Loop: High-Precision 3D Photofabrication in Living Tissues.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Recent Advancements in Gel-Based Flexible Electronic Sensors.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review of Progress of AI in Biomimetics: From Biological Patterns to Closed-Loop Discovery.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Smart Hydrogel Design to 4D-Printed Scaffolds: Emerging Paradigms in Precision Drug Delivery and Regenerative Wound Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bioprinting in Tissue Repair and Its ENT Applications.Polymers · 2026Review
- Advancing transdermal drug delivery through 4D bioprinting and dynamic skin modelling.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- Emerging Smart and Adaptive Hydrogels for Next-Generation Tissue Engineering.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transformative bioprinting, particularly 4D printing, is revolutionizing the field of biofabrication, offering dynamic solutions that respond to external stimuli. This paper explores the underlying mechanisms, materials, and stimuli that enable 4D printing to fabricate responsive and adaptive constructs. Section 1 delves into the foundational aspects of 4D bioprinting, detailing the stimuli-responsive materials, such as hydrogels and shape-memory polymers, and the mechanisms that drive their transformation. Additionally, the role of external factors, including temperature, pH, and magnetic or light-based stimuli, is analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of this evolving technology. Section 2 focuses on the diverse applications of 4D bioprinting, particularly in biomedical sciences. Key use cases include tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and the creation of adaptive implants. Beyond healthcare, the potential for smart structures in fields like robotics and aerospace is highlighted, showcasing the technology's ability to deliver tailored, dynamic solutions across various domains. Section 3 categorizes additive manufacturing techniques relevant to 4D printing, offering an in-depth classification and comparison. This includes extrusion-based, vat polymerization, and inkjet printing technologies, emphasizing their compatibility with stimuli-responsive materials. Section 4 shifts focus to commercial advancements, presenting a classification of 4D bioprinters available in the market. The economic barriers, challenges in scalability, and ease of application for these printers are critically examined. Proposed solutions, such as innovative material sourcing, streamlined design strategies, and integration with AI for optimized performance, are presented to address these issues. This work provides a roadmap for integrating 4D bioprinting into scalable and cost-effective production, pushing the boundaries of biofabrication. It serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and industries aiming to harness the transformative potential of 4D printing for adaptive and functional applications across various domains.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.