ArticlePM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation2026
Identification of factors related to pain from musculoskeletal injections.
Article in PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The association between patient- and procedure-related factors and patient-reported intraprocedural pain during fluoroscopically guided lumbar epidural injections: A real-world cohort study.Interventional pain medicine · 2026Article
- Correction to "Identification of factors related to pain from musculoskeletal injections".PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Identification of factors related to pain from musculoskeletal injections.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMusculoskeletal injections are a common clinical procedure, often intended to reduce joint or muscular pain in patients. Further identification is warranted to identify additional clinical variables that may lead to increased or decreased pain perception with musculoskeletal injections.
objectiveTo examine clinical, demographic, and injection-related factors with patient-perceived pain during musculoskeletal injections, which expands upon prior studies.
designCross-sectional study.
settingRetrospective study involving outpatient orthopedic clinics. Consecutive adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) undergoing musculoskeletal injections were reviewed. PATIENTS: A total of 1371 injections from 935 patients were eligible for the analysis. Exclusion criteria included cognitive disability, non-English-speaking patients, and aphasia.
interventionsN/A.
main outcome measuresPatients reported their pre-, intra-, and postprocedural pain on a numerical scale from 0 to 10. Pain scores, demographics, and injection specifics were analyzed after retrospective chart review for their effect on intraprocedural pain.
resultsA total of 1371 injections (62.4% female, mean age 58.6 ± 16.1 years, body mass index 29.6 ± 7.3 kg/m
conclusionsThis study identified clinical and demographic variables associated with worsened injection pain that may improve the counseling and expectations of patients and ideally lead to reduction in experienced procedural pain. Lower pain scores were associated with use of sodium bicarbonate, absence of a trainee, palpation guidance, and male gender of the patient.
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