ArticleClinical neurophysiology practice2025
Spinal excitability is enhanced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in children and adolescents.
Article in Clinical neurophysiology practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cortical high-threshold and low-activation characteristics in adolescent depression: a cross-age differential analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the modulation of spinal excitability to sub-motor threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy children and adolescents. Methods: We paired sub-motor threshold TMS (conditioning) with electrical tibial nerve stimulation (test) to assess changes in the soleus H-reflex at eleven conditioning-test (C-T) intervals. Eleven participants (7.5-16.2 years) were studied under three conditions: rest, voluntary agonist activation (ankle plantar flexion), and voluntary antagonist activation (ankle dorsiflexion). Results: TMS-induced supraspinal volley facilitated the soleus H-reflex amplitude significantly during rest and agonist activation, but not during antagonist activation. The facilitation of H-reflex was similar during rest and agonist activation between C-T intervals from -2 ms (i.e. peripheral stimulation before cortical) to +18 ms (i.e. cortical stimulation before peripheral). Specific to rest condition, a later facilitation occurred at C-T intervals of approximately +60 ms. Conclusions: Spinal excitability modulation in children and adolescents showed similarities to earlier evidence in adults, with the distinction that, unlike in the adults, agonist activity did not further enhance the supraspinal facilitation of the H-reflex compared to the rest condition in children. Significance: These results provide insight into the maturation of motor control and regulation of spinal excitability, offering possibilities to identify typical and atypical developmental trajectories.
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