ArticleNeurotrauma reports2025
Prognostic Factors and Initial Treatment Strategies for Patients with Head Trauma and Vital Signs of Shock.
Article in Neurotrauma reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Head trauma accompanied by circulatory failure is a rare but severe condition, and few reports regarding its prognosis or initial treatment strategies have been published. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors and treatment strategies for patients with head trauma and vital signs of shock. We included 415 consecutive patients with head trauma (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score ≥3) who were transported to our institution from January 2017 to December 2023. These patients were divided into shock and non-shock groups. Data on their background, vital signs at presentation, trunk injury status, surgical intervention, and hematological findings were examined. A retrospective analysis was conducted with the modified Rankin Scale score after 3 months as the primary outcome. The patients' mean age was 53.9 ± 24.4 years, 304 (73.3%) were male, 265 (63.9%) experienced severe trauma (injury severity score ≥16), 124 (29.9%) had multiple trauma (AIS score ≥3 at two or more locations), and 59 (14.2%) had accompanying vital signs of shock (shock index >1). Multivariable analysis revealed that older age (
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