ArticleAnnals of clinical epidemiology2025
Propensity score analysis revisited.
Article in Annals of clinical epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular events with esaxerenone versus spironolactone in hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Article
- A Data-Driven Threshold for Extreme Hyponatremia in the Emergency Department and Its Association With 28-Day Mortality.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Comparison of Insomnia Risk between Spironolactone and Esaxerenone in Individuals with Hypertension.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparison of oral third- versus first-/ second-generation cephalosporins for acute uncomplicated cystitis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Can propensity-score matching distinguish the effect of visual obturator use from center-level practice differences during TURP?World journal of urology · 2026Article
- Risk of injury associated with the sedative potential of second-generation antihistamines: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Effect of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Post-Pancreatoduodenectomy Infectious Complications: Nationwide Inpatient Database Study in Japan.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Article
- Outcomes of early-phase ampicillin plus aminoglycosides versus ampicillin plus cefotaxime for preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Association between metformin use and cervical cancer risk in women with diabetes in Japan: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of clinical epidemiology · 2026Article
- Safety of Short-Term Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Use for Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Enteroscopy-Assisted ERP-Guided Versus EUS-Guided Pancreatic Duct Drainage for Pancreaticojejunostomy Strictures: A Multicenter Observational Study.Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society · 2026Observational
- In-hospital outcomes of lacosamide versus levetiracetam for early adjunctive treatment of status epilepticus: A Nationwide Japanese retrospective cohort study.Epilepsia open · 2026Observational
- Intensive Care Unit versus High-Dependency Care Unit for Patients with Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy: An Observational Nationwide Database Study.Blood purification · 2026Observational
- Cardiovascular adverse events associated with denosumab versus zoledronic acid in patients with breast cancer: a propensity score overlap weighted analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Association between early administration of mucoactive agents and in-hospital mortality in patients with pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate and Heart Failure Risk: A Comparative Study With Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Association of Combined Enzymatic and Surgical Debridement with Clinical Outcomes in Extensive Burn Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Perioperative outcomes of neonatal versus delayed surgery for Hirschsprung disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Japan.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- Contact Aspiration Combined with a Stent Retriever versus Contact Aspiration Alone in Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Strokes: A Nationwide Analysis Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database.Journal of neuroendovascular therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propensity score (PS) is the probability of the exposure being assigned, conditional on the observed baseline covariates. Many observational studies have used PS analyses to investigate the effects of exposure on outcomes. This report reviews the five steps of PS analyses: 1) calculating PS; 2) checking the overlap of PS; 3) implementing a matching or weighting method including PS matching, inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting, standardized mortality ratio weighting, matching weighting, and overlap weighting; 4) diagnosing the covariate balance; and 5) comparing the outcomes. Two groups are often compared in PS analyses; however, three-group comparisons can provide clinicians with more benefits in many situations in routine clinical practice. Thus, we describe not only two-group comparisons but also three-group comparisons by introducing a few studies that used generalized PS to compare three groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.