Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40697542›Full record

ArticleCyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.)2025

Epidural Electrical Stimulation for Functional Recovery in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.

Yihang Ren, Lifen Mo, Junlin Lu, Ping Zhu, Ming Yin, Wenqing Jia, Fengyan Liang, Xiaodi Han, Jizong Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yihang RenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Lifen MoSanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Junlin LuChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
Ping ZhuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ming YinSanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Wenqing JiaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Fengyan LiangSanya Research Institute of Hainan University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Xiaodi HanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jizong ZhaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) has emerged as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the therapeutic potential of EES in functional recovery following incomplete SCI remains limited, with few studies of a large sample size. This study included 11 patients who received EES combined with physical therapy (PT) and 10 who received only PT. Follow-ups were conducted pre-surgery, post-surgery, and at 19 to 25 months postoperatively. After the surgery, patients in the EES + PT group showed significant improvements in sensory function (

Identifiers

PMID40697542
PMCPMC12280331

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.