ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Global burden of children and adolescents' nutritional deficiencies from 1990 to 2021.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correlations Between Clinical, Anthropometric and Nutritional Evaluations in Patients with Parkinson's Disease from Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Nutritional Status as a Risk Factor for Appendiceal Perforation in Pediatric Acute Appendicitis: Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dietary diversity, undernutrition and anemia among rural adolescents in Sindh, Pakistan.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of vitamin A deficiency (1990-2021) and projections to 2042: associations with sociodemographic development.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Nutritional deficiencies critically impair growth and development in children and adolescents, yet comprehensive assessments of their global adolescent-specific burden are lacking. Adolescence represents a critical developmental window marked by rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes, making individuals particularly vulnerable to nutritional imbalances. This study aims to quantify the global burden of nutritional deficiencies in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years. Methods: Using 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, we assessed the global impact of nutritional deficiencies among children and adolescents by analyzing rates and absolute numbers. Joinpoint analysis and average annual percentage changes (AAPC) were applied to explore temporal trends from 1990 to 2021. Results: In 2021, nutritional deficiencies caused 85,886 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 78,203-93,452] and 25.6 million DALYs (UI: 23.3-27.9 million) among children and adolescents globally. Global mortality and DALY rates due to nutritional deficiencies in this population declined consistently from 1990 to 2021. Notably, the DALYs rates for protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and dietary iron deficiency decreased globally, with the AAPC from 1990 to 2021 being -5.2 (-6.4 to -4), -2.8 (-3 to -2.6), -2.6 (-2.7 to -2.6), and -0.5 (-0.6 to -0.5), respectively. Despite these improvements, regions with lower Social Development Index (SDI), including low and low-middle SDI areas, the death rates and DALYs rates for nutritional deficiencies among children and adolescents remain high, although they have been declining over the 30-year study period. Africa and Asia continue to bear the greatest burden. At the age level, children under five exhibited the highest burden across all age groups. Conclusions: Since 1990, the global burden of nutritional deficiencies among children and adolescents have declined; however, it continues to be a significant public health issue, particularly in regions with low SDI. To mitigate this burden, more effective public health interventions are required.
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