ArticleJSES reviews, reports, and techniques2025
Epidemiological trends of elbow and forearm injuries in high school baseball and softball players.
Article in JSES reviews, reports, and techniques, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sidearm Deliveries Are Associated With Lower Shoulder and Elbow Injury Burden and a Favorable Performance Profile in Major League Baseball: A Cohort Study of 927 Pitchers (2020-2025).Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Injury and Economic Burden of Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers: A Retrospective 11-Year Analysis (2015-2025).Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Advanced Analytic and Pitch-Tracking Risk Factors for Capsulolabral Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Do Pitching Restriction Policies Reduce Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Players?Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Elbow and forearm injuries are common in high school baseball and softball players. Given the trends in overuse and early sport specialization, it may be prudent to provide an updated review of the epidemiological data to aid injury prevention efforts. Methods: Data regarding elbow and forearm injuries in high school baseball and softball players from the 2005-2006 through 2018-2019 seasons was extracted from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study. Results: There were 518 total elbow and forearm injuries reported for 5,738,470 athletic exposures (AEs) yielding an overall injury rate of 0.90/10,000 AEs. Baseball had an increase of 0.044 elbow/forearm injury increase per 10,000 AEs per year ( Conclusion: This study found that overall forearm and elbow rate of injury has increased for baseball since the 2005-2006 season. There was no significant trend in softball. Softball nonpitchers had a higher rate of injury than pitchers, while there was no difference between positions in baseball. This trend and difference between sports and positions imply the importance of injury prevention efforts tailored to each athlete.
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