ArticleWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology2025
Comparison of prognostic factors and their differences in intrahepatic, hilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in World journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- AJournal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Redefining Liver Transplantation Indications for Hepatic Malignancies in the Era of Precision Transplant Oncology: An Up-to-Date Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Methylation heterogeneity of the AQP1 promoter as a candidate prognostic biomarker in cholangiocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises heterogeneous malignancies arising at different anatomical locations: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC), and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC). These subtypes exhibit distinct clinical behaviors, treatment approaches, and outcomes. Despite advances in surgical and adjuvant therapies, the prognostic implications of tumor location remain unclear and inconsistently reported. Understanding these variations is essential for personalized management and staging refinement. We hypothesized that the anatomical subtype of CCA significantly influences prognostic outcomes and pathological features.
aimTo compare prognostic outcomes and clinicopathological characteristics among IHCC, PHCC, and DCC based on current evidence.
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched, yielding 11 eligible retrospective comparative studies involving 14484 patients (IHCC: 6260; PHCC: 6895; DCC: 1329). Outcomes assessed included overall survival (OS), lymph node metastasis, neural invasion, and vascular invasion. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 13.0.
resultsDCC demonstrated the most favorable prognosis among all subtypes. Despite the highest lymph node metastasis rate (DCC: 56.9%), it was associated with better OS than PHCC and IHCC. Vascular invasion was more prevalent in IHCC (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.22-2.28,
conclusionAnatomical subtype is a significant prognostic factor in CCA. DCC patients experience superior outcomes despite aggressive lymphatic spread, suggesting better resectability and surgical outcomes. These insights underscore the need for subtype-specific management strategies and future prospective validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.