Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40696806›Full record

ArticleActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)2025

Infant Acid-Suppressant Medication, C. difficile Colonisation, and Childhood Body Mass Index in a Canadian Cohort.

Sarah L Bridgman, Kelsea M Drall, Amanda A Lau, Hein M Tun, Nadia P Morales-Lizcano, Hien Q Huynh, Piushkumar J Mandhane, Theo J Moraes, Elinor Simons, Stuart E Turvey and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Sarah L BridgmanDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2214-8431
Kelsea M DrallDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Amanda A LauDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Hein M TunThe Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7597-5062
Nadia P Morales-LizcanoDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hien Q HuynhDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7295-7595
Piushkumar J MandhaneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Theo J MoraesDepartment of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9968-6601
Elinor SimonsDepartment of Pediatrics & Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Stuart E TurveyDepartment of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-1599-1065
Padmaja SubbaraoDepartment of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0394-1933
James A ScottDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anita L KozyrskyjDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2869-9242

Funding

CIHR 227312the Allergy, Genes and Environment (AllerGen) Network of Centres of ExcellenceThe Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development study
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo determine relationships between paediatric use of acid-suppressive medications (ASMs) (proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA)) and preschool body mass index (BMI) and mediation by C. difficile colonisation.

methodsASMs were parent-reported at age 3, 6 and 12 months in 1025 infants from the CHILD Cohort Study. Targeted qPCR for C. difficile was conducted in stool collected at 3 months, and age/sex adjusted BMI-z scores were calculated at age 5 years. ASM use and BMI-z score associations were assessed by regression, and mediation analyses were conducted.

resultsApproximately 4% of infants received H2RAs, most before age 3 months. C. difficile colonisation was twice as likely in 3-month-old infants receiving H2RAs (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.13-4.51) and was associated with higher BMI-z scores at age 5 years (β: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.46). Mediation models showed an indirect positive effect of H2RA use on 5-year BMI-z scores, mediated through C. difficile colonisation (β: 0.065, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13).

conclusionsWe found evidence of increased preschool BMI following H2RA use in infants that was mediated through C. difficile colonisation. Further study on ASM use in infancy, the gut microbiome, and pathways to body weight health outcomes is warranted.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexClostridioides difficileClostridium InfectionsHistamine H2 AntagonistsProton Pump InhibitorsCanadaChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMaleHistamine H2 AntagonistsProton Pump Inhibitorsacid suppressant medicationbody mass indexC. difficilemicrobiota

Identifiers

PMID40696806
PMCPMC12599587

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.