Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40696420›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Constructing and validating a scale for technostress and employee behavior: evidence from business schools in a developing country.

Shan Cao, Sadaqat Ali, Rao Bakhat Yawar, Naveed Saif, Gerald Guan Gan Goh, Faheem Khan, Mudassir Hussain

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shan CaoSchool of Education and Psychology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, People's Republic of China.
Sadaqat AliFaculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Rao Bakhat YawarFaculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Naveed SaifInstitute of Management Science, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan.
Gerald Guan Gan GohFaculty of Business, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia. gggoh@mmu.edu.my.
Faheem KhanDepartment of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
Mudassir HussainDepartment of Education and Psychology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This research aimed to adapt and validate the Techno-Stress Construct in Higher Education (TCHS) for business school faculty in Pakistan. The study involved 300 faculty members from Khyber Paktunkhawa (KP) and Islamabad, who helped translate and adapt the TCHS into a 16-item Pakistani version.Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using AMOS 23 were employed to validate the factor structure. EFA identified four factors: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, and techno-uncertainty. CFA confirmed the structural model with excellent fit metrics.Reliability analysis showed strong Cronbach's alpha coefficients for both total and subscale measurements. Construct validity tests indicated significant relationships between TCHS components and faculty emotional exhaustion, work-life balance, and commitment.The findings suggest that the adapted TCHS is a valid tool for identifying techno-stress among educators in Pakistan, which can aid in developing interventions to enhance faculty welfare and productivity. Future research should explore its applicability across different populations.

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCommerceFacultyPsychometricsAdultDeveloping CountriesFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPakistanReproducibility of ResultsSchoolsSurveys and QuestionnairesWork-Life BalanceBusiness schoolsCFAEFAEmotional exhaustionHigher educationTechnostressWork-life balance

Identifiers

PMID40696420
PMCPMC12282003

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.