ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2025
When buildings become barriers: assessing the impact of building height on the equality of emergency medical services accessibility-a dual-trip study in Wuhan, China.
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Measuring and optimizing spatial accessibility to emergency medical services with a focus on age-based spatial variations in EMS risk.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs urbanization accelerates, the height of urban buildings continues to rise, which may influence the provision of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). However, a current limitation is that related studies often neglect the impact of spatial variations in building height on EMS accessibility equality. Most scholars have focused primarily on EMS road travel-either the Departure Road Trip (DRT) or the Transport Trip (TT)-while overlooking the effects of building height on the in-building EMS trip, known as the Patient Access Trip (PAT).
methodsEMS accessibility was measured using a proximity-based method and a Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (G-2SFCA) model under two scenarios: Scenario 1 considered only DRT, whereas Scenario 2 incorporated both DRT and PAT influenced by building heights. DRT travel times were simulated using Baidu Map's Application Programming Interface (API), and PAT times were calculated based on building elevator/stairs characteristics. Accessibility equality was assessed using multi-ring buffer analysis, Lorenz curves, and Gini coefficients.
resultsAccording to the empirical study in Wuhan, China, first, the spatial variations in building height was evident across the city. The building heights in city centre and sub-centres are generally taller compared to those in suburban areas. Second, the variations in building height can obviously affect EMS accessibility. However, the impact of building height on EMS accessibility varies across different regions. The effect is particularly pronounced in sub-centres located around 14 km from the city centre, whereas it is relatively limited in suburban areas. Third, the incorporation of spatial disparities in building height into EMS accessibility modeling reveals increased inequality in EMS provision across the city.
conclusionSpatial disparities in building heights across a city significantly influence EMS accessibility inequality. Given the widespread differences in building heights worldwide, this study provides valuable findings for healthcare policymakers to improve EMS systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.