Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40695867›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Phytochemical profiling, biological potential and In Silico identification of anticancerous compound from Pakistani pomegranate Peel.

Sayed Maeen Badshah, Nighat Sultana, Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi, Zarkish Tariq, Kuen-Song Lin, Abrar Hussain, Wajid Syed, Dildar Ahmed, Jamshid Hussain, Bushra Khan and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Enzyme Inhibition by Bioactive Compounds from Olive (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sayed Maeen BadshahDepartment of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
Nighat SultanaDepartment of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan. nighat.sultana@hu.edu.pk.
Mahmood Basil A Al-RawiDepartment of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Zarkish TariqDepartment of Zoology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Kuen-Song LinDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan. kslin@saturn.yzu.edu.tw.
Abrar HussainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan.
Wajid SyedDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Dildar AhmedDepartment of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
Jamshid HussainDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, 32003, Taiwan.
Bushra KhanDepartment of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Faiz Ur RehmanDepartment of Zoology, Government Superior Science College, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Funding

Researchers Supporting Project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia RSP2025R378
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing antimicrobial resistance and recurrence is a major public health concern leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, free radicals induced damage led to oxidative diseases such as cancer and diabetes.Therefore, finding safe and effective antimicrobial and antioxidant agents is vital. Pomegranate peel, constituting 60% of the total fruit's weight, is largely disposed despite its known benefits in traditional medicine. The current study aimed to determine the chemical constituents and biological activities of the methanolic extracts of peels of three pomegranate varieties [wild (PPE-1), white (PPE-2), and red (PPE-3)]. Phytochemicals analysis were performed using UV-vis spectrophotometry, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant potentials were determined via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and phosphomolybdate (ABTS) assay and In Vitro antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase inhibition assay. The antibacterial activity was assesed against three most dominant pathogens including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by disc diffusion. The total phenolics, flavonoid, and tannin contents were highest in PPE-1 followed by PPE-2 and PPE-3. Among the polyphenol, chlorogenic acid was found in substantial concentration in all extracts. The GC-MS analysis identified 13 distinct compounds with the notable presence of 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carbaldehyde. All varieties exhibited significant antioxidants, antibacterial and antidiabetics, but the PPE-1 showed the highest activities. Docking studies revealed that chlorogenic acid was a strong inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) indicating anti-inflammatory and anticancerous potential. The study revealed that pomegranate peels have promising biological potentials such as antioxidants, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial, suggesting their role in drug developments.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicFruitPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsPomegranateAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular Docking SimulationPakistanAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntineoplastic Agents, PhytogenicAntioxidantsHypoglycemic AgentsPhytochemicalsPlant ExtractsantidiabeticAntimicrobialAntioxidantPhytochemicals

Identifiers

PMID40695867
PMCPMC12284269

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.