Trial reportThe British journal of ophthalmology2025
Analysis of 24 pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous and serum of 94 patients without diabetes.
Trial report in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04505566 (INflammatory MediatorS in the PathophysIology of Diabetic REtinopathy), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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INflammatory MediatorS in the PathophysIology of Diabetic REtinopathy (INSPIRE) Study
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsTo assess 24 pro-inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous and serum of normal patients without diabetes.
methods94 consecutive eyes of 94 patients undergoing elective vitrectomy surgery were prospectively enrolled. Blood and aqueous sampling were done in the operating room. A microparticle bead-based multiplex assay was used to measure aqueous and serum levels of: fibroblast growth factor-2, eotaxin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3L), growth-regulated alpha protein (GROa), interleukin (IL)-10, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-3, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), soluble CD40L (sCD40L), IL-17A, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and PDGF-AB/BB.
resultsA significant positive correlation between aqueous and serum levels was observed for FLT-3L (r=0.45; p<0.001) and positive trends were observed for eotaxin (r=0.27; p=0.04), MDC (r=0.34; p<0.01) and RANTES (r=0.33; p=0.007). There were no significant differences observed based on age or gender. In contrast, aqueous cytokine levels for G-CSF, GROa and MCP-1 were significantly higher in pseudophakic eyes compared with phakic eyes: G-CSF (16.52 pg/mL±22.39 vs 2.77 pg/mL±6.80, p
conclusionsWe report the first characterisation of 24 different pro-inflammatory cytokines in 94 patients without diabetes. The absence of the crystalline lens was associated with significantly higher aqueous levels of G-CSF, GROa and MCP-1. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04505566.
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