Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40694515›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2025

Overcoming Vaccine Inequities and Research Gaps in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities Identified During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Cara Lynn Kim, Thaint Thaint Thwe, Ligia M Cruz Espinoza, Jonathan D Sugimoto, Mosoka P Fallah, Hyon Jin Jeon, Raphaël Rakotozandrindrainy, Ellis Owusu-Dabo, Abdramane Soura Bassiahi, Octavie Lunguya and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Cara Lynn KimInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0009-0000-0017-1377
Thaint Thaint ThweInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3137-0093
Ligia M Cruz EspinozaInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-0429-4723
Jonathan D SugimotoInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-1761-328X
Mosoka P FallahResearch and Innovation, Africa Centers for Disease Control, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Hyon Jin JeonInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Raphaël RakotozandrindrainyMadagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
Ellis Owusu-DaboSchool of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Abdramane Soura BassiahiInstitut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université Ouaga II, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Octavie LunguyaDepartment of Microbiology, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.ORCID 0000-0002-8820-3843
Ilesh V JaniInstituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.ORCID 0000-0002-6880-6655
Florian MarksInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-6043-7170
Birkneh Tilahun TadesseInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-4005-8605

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Before the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the African region already faced a substantial communicable disease burden and a rising prevalence of noncommunicable and chronic conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored critical vulnerabilities within the health systems in African countries and highlighted the urgent need for self-sufficiency to increase resilience in vaccine manufacturing and clinical trial capacity. In response, substantial efforts are underway to develop vaccine and pharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities across the continent. Ongoing initiatives supported by large donor organizations are aimed at initiating much-needed progress toward greater self-sufficiency in vaccine production in Africa, as coordinated by the Africa Centers for Disease Control. Continued investment, regulatory harmonization, and strengthened international and regional partnerships are essential for Africa to develop sustainable vaccine manufacturing.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesAfricaBiomedical ResearchClinical Trials as TopicEvidence GapsHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesAfricaCOVID-19 pandemicpandemic responsevaccine inequityvaccine research and development

Identifiers

PMID40694515
PMCPMC12282519

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.