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ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2025

Automated extraction of vertebral bone mineral density from imaging with various scan parameters: a cadaver study with correlation to quantitative computed tomography.

Constanze Ramschütz, Christopher Kloth, Daniel Vogele, Thomas Baum, Sebastian Rühling, Meinrad Beer, Jan U Jansen, Benedikt Schlager, Hans-Joachim Wilke, Jan S Kirschke and 1 more

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Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Constanze RamschützDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. constanze.ramschuetz@tum.de.
Christopher KlothDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Daniel VogeleDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Thomas BaumDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Sebastian RühlingDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Meinrad BeerDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Jan U JansenInstitute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm, Germany.
Benedikt SchlagerInstitute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm, Germany.
Hans-Joachim WilkeInstitute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm, Germany.
Jan S KirschkeDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Nico SollmannDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. nico.sollmann@tum.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-2223

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate lumbar vertebral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) from ex vivo opportunistic multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans using different protocols, and compare it to dedicated quantitative CT (QCT) values from the same specimens.

methodsCadavers from two female donors (ages 62 and 68 years) were scanned (L1-L5) using six different MDCT protocols and one dedicated QCT scan. Opportunistic vBMD was extracted using an artificial intelligence-based algorithm. The vBMD measurements from the six MDCT protocols, which varied in peak tube voltage (80-140 kVp), tube load (72-200 mAs), slice thickness (0.75-1 mm), and/or slice increment (0.5-0.75 mm), were compared to those obtained from dedicated QCT.

resultsA strong positive correlation was observed between vBMD from opportunistic MDCT and reference QCT (ρ = 0.869, p < 0.01). Agreement between vBMD measurements from MDCT protocols and the QCT reference standard according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.992 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.982-0.998). Bland-Altman analysis showed biases ranging from - 12.66 to 8.00 mg/cm³ across the six MDCT protocols, with all data points falling within the respective limits of agreement (LOA) for both cadavers.

conclusionOpportunistic vBMD measurements of lumbar vertebrae demonstrated reliable consistency ex vivo across various scan parameters when compared to dedicated QCT.

Indexed as

Bone DensityLumbar VertebraeMultidetector Computed TomographyTomography, X-Ray ComputedAgedCadaverFemaleHumansMiddle AgedBone densityMulti-detector computed tomographyOpportunistic imagingOsteoporosisScan protocolScreening

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.