ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphisms With Moderate-to-Severe Dry Eye With and Without Sjögren's Syndrome.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinical significance of corneal confocal microscopy characteristics and inflammatory cytokines in Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) has been described in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms. It is unknown whether non-Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (NSDE) is related to HLA. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic association of HLA polymorphism with dry eye disease (DED). This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe DED with and without Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were included. Oral swab samples were collected and HLA genotyping was performed using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The normal healthy population was used as the control group for the susceptibility alleles identification. The signs and symptoms of DED were compared between patients with and without susceptibility alleles. Results: Sixty-four (64) patients with NSDE (mean age = 47.55 years, 92.2% female) and 40 patients with SSDE (mean age = 52.68 years, 90% female) were included. HLA-B*40:01 allele frequency in the NSDE group was significantly higher than in the reference population (odds ratio [OR] = 2.42, P < 0.001). We identified a trend toward worsening of the ocular surface condition with HLA-B*40:01 carrier. This was manifested by a higher Oxford score (P < 0.0001) and more meibomian gland dropout (P = 0.030) and worse visual acuity (P = 0.006). Further analysis revealed that higher severe rate of NSDE was associated with HLA-B*40:01 carrier status (67.39% vs. 42.68%, P = 0.007). In addition, patients with SSDE showed a significantly higher frequency of HLA-B*40:01, HLA-C*07:02, HLA-DQB1*06:01, and HLA-DRB1*16:02. Patients with SSDE carrying HLA-B*40:01 had less tear secretion. Conclusions: Significant associations exist between HLA alleles and moderate-to-severe DED. HLA polymorphisms were associated with the clinical features of moderate-to-severe DED, possibly via modulating the ocular surface immune function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.