Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40693372›Full record

ReviewBasic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology2025

The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in the Management of Rheumatic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.

Ilker Ates, Hilal Sahin, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Serkan Yilmaz, Sinan Suzen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ilker AtesFaculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-7694
Hilal SahinFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Atlas University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Lalu Muhammad IrhamFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Serkan YilmazFaculty of Nursing, Department of Midwifery, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Sinan SuzenFaculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A drug preferred for its antimalarial effect called hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has long been used to manage and avoid malaria. Nevertheless, its exact mode of action is still unknown. HCQ works through a variety of strategies to influence distinct molecular and cellular pathways. Additionally, HCQ has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for rheumatic conditions such as primary Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite being widely regarded as safe, HCQ has been known to cause adverse responses; thus, doctors should closely evaluate rheumatism patients before taking these medications. The current study aims to emphasize the potential side effects of treatment while supporting the clinical usage of HCQ for autoimmune disorders.

Indexed as

Antirheumatic AgentsHydroxychloroquineRheumatic DiseasesAnimalsAntimalarialsHumansSjogren's SyndromeAntimalarialsAntirheumatic AgentsHydroxychloroquineeffect mechanismshydroxychloroquineorgan toxicityrheumatic disorders

Identifiers

PMID40693372
PMCPMC12281268

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.