Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40692501›Full record

Trial reportPsychological medicine2025

Long-term dosage effects of psychodynamic and schema therapy in depressed patients with personality disorders: 18 and 24 months follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Marit Kool, Voor Hannah van den Eshof, Rien Van, Jack Dekker, Jaap Peen, Arnoud Arntz

Erratum issuedAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialPragmatic Clinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marit KoolResearch Department, Arkin Foundation: Stichting Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4862-8310
Voor Hannah van den EshofResearch Department, Arkin Foundation: Stichting Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rien VanResearch Department, Arkin Foundation: Stichting Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jack DekkerResearch Department, Arkin Foundation: Stichting Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jaap PeenResearch Department, Arkin Foundation: Stichting Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Arnoud ArntzDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProviding psychotherapy at 50 sessions in a year (starting twice weekly) led to faster and greater improvements in depression and personality functioning compared to 25 sessions, starting weekly for patients with depression and personality disorder (PD). This study reports long-term dosage effects at 18 and 24 months.

methodsIn a pragmatic, double-randomized clinical trial, 246 outpatients with depression and PD were assigned to (1) 25 or 50 sessions and (2) Short-term Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy (SPSP) or Schema Therapy (ST). Depression severity was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic remission of depression (MINI-plus), PD (SCID-II/SCID-5-P), and treatment-specific measures. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted.

resultsAt 18 and 24 months, BDI-II means did not differ between dosage groups (19.0 for 25 sessions versus 19.1 for 50 sessions;

conclusionsHigher psychotherapy dosage led to faster initial improvements, but long-term outcomes were not superior to those achieved with a lower dosage. These results should be interpreted with caution, as unregulated treatment during follow-up reduced the power to detect significant dosage effects. Both SPSP and ST provide viable alternatives to treatments focused solely on depression.

Indexed as

Depressive DisorderOutcome Assessment, Health CarePersonality DisordersPsychotherapyPsychotherapy, PsychodynamicAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment Outcomedepressive disordersindividual psychotherapyintegrated treatmentout-patient treatmentpersonality disorderspsychodynamic psychotherapypsychotherapy dosagerandomized controlled trialschema therapy

Identifiers

PMID40692501
PMCPMC12315657

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.