SynthesisEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2025
A whole-brain voxel-based analysis of structural abnormalities in PTSD: An ENIGMA-PGC study.
Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph
Synthesis in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term neurostructural and psychological effects of war stress in two generations of civilians from the former Yugoslavia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- European Psychiatry: 2025 in review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
99 authors.
Cheryl R Z SeeDepartment of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2135-5495
Shuqing SiDepartment of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0009-0006-6095-254X
C Lexi BairdBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Courtney C HaswellBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Ahmed HussainBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-8761-7525
Miranda OlffDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jessie L FrijlingDe Viersprong Mental Health Specialist in Personality Disorders, Family and Behavior, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Mirjam van ZuidenDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Saskia B J KochDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3628-6712
Laura NawijnDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Li WangLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1459-3412
Ye ZhuLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Gen LiLaboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Yuval NeriaDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Xi ZhuDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Benjamin Suarez-JimenezDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4765-2458
Sigal Zilcha-ManoDepartment of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Amit LazarovDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2811-2739
Jennifer S StevensDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kerry ResslerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5158-1103
Negar FaniDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Tanja JovanovicDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sanne J H van RooijDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Milissa L KaufmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lauren A M LeboisDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5816-9181
Isabelle M RossoDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Elizabeth A OlsonDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Justin T BakerDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Scott R SponheimMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Seth G DisnerMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3635-9421
Nicholas D DavenportMinneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Amit EtkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Adi Maron-KatzDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Murray B SteinDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Martha E ShentonDepartment of Psychiatry, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Dan J SteinSouth African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7218-7810
Jonathan IpserSouth African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Sheri-Michelle KoopowitzSouth African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5151-9692
Soraya SeedatDepartment of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Stefan du PlessisDepartment of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Leigh L van den HeuvelDepartment of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Shmuel LissekDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Hannah BergDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Thomas StraubeInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
David HofmanInstitute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3494-634X
Lee A BaughDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6227-497X
Gina L ForsterDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
Raluca M SimonsCenter for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
Jeffrey S SimonsSioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Vincent A MagnottaDepartments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8639-5354
Kelene A FerchoDivision of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0577-186X
Xin WangDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Andrew S CottonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Erin N O'LearyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Hong XieDepartment of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Daniel W GrupeCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Jack B NitschkeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Richard J DavidsonCenter for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Christine L LarsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1359-6080
Terri A deRoon-CassiniDivision of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Carissa W TomasComprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9199-8632
Jacklynn M FitzgeraldDepartment of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Jennifer Urbano BlackfordMunroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0261-4845
Bunmi O OlatunjiDepartment of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Evan M GordonDepartment of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Geoffrey MayVeterans Integrated Service Network-17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA.
Steven M NelsonMasonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Ruth LaniusDepartment of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Jean ThébergeDepartments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7578-4469
Maria DensmoreDepartments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Richard W J NeufeldDepartments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Chadi G AbdallahDepartment of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5783-6181
Christopher L AverillDepartment of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7575-6142
Ilan Harpaz-RotemDivision of Clinical Neuroscience, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA.
Ifat LevyDivision of Clinical Neuroscience, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA.
John H KrystalDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6952-1726
Elbert GeuzeMinistry of Defence, Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3479-2379
Remko van LutterveldMinistry of Defence, Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1844-0584
Emily L DennisDepartment of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7112-4009
David F TateDepartment of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
David X CifuDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
William C WalkerDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5813-3939
Elisabeth A WildeDepartment of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Nic J A van der WeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3235-1633
Robert R J M VermeirenDepartment of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Steven J A van der WerffInstitute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Katie McLaughlinDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Kelly SambrookDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Matthew PeverillDepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Joaquim RaduaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Lauren E SalminenImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Anthony JamesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Lucia ValmaggiaCentre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-6099-8464
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Rajendra A MoreyBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Matthew J KemptonDepartment of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3541-9947
Funding
Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute (ACTSI) RenewalUL1TR000454 · NCATS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI STEPHENS, DAVID S · 2012 to 2016
$25.8MWISCONSIN CENTER ON MENTAL RETARDATION: CORE SUPPORTP30HD003352 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI SVAREN, JOHN P · 1985 to 2015
$25.2MX LINKED NYSTAGMUS SYNDROME WITH FEATURES OF ALBINISMM01RR000039 · NCRR · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI VACCARINO, VIOLA · 1985 to 2007
$21.3MTR&D3: Intrinsic Surface MappingP41EB015922 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI TOGA, ARTHUR W · 2012 to 2022
$14.1MTRAINING PROGRAM IN EMOTION RESEARCHT32MH018931 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Richard J Davidson · 1989 to 2026
$11.6MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MNeural Substrates of Affective Style and Emotion RegulationR01MH043454 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI DAVIDSON, RICHARD J, SCHAEFER, STACEY M · 1989 to 2022
$9.6MGenetic and Trauma-Related Risk Factors for PTSDR01MH071537 · NIMH · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RESSLER, KERRY J. · 2005 to 2014
$8.5MTrauma and Genomics Modulate Brain Structure across Common Psychiatric DisordersR01MH111671 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MARK W LOGUE, RAJENDRA A MOREY · 2017 to 2026
$4.4MEmory University BIRCWH ProgramK12HD085850 · NICHD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI OFOTOKUN, IGHOVWERHA, STERK, CLAIRE E · 2015 to 2023
$4.4MStudy of early brain alterations that predict development of chronic PTSDR01MH110483 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TOLEDO HEALTH SCI CAMPUS · PI WANG, XIN · 2016 to 2021
$3.8MMultimodal Approaches to Neurobiology of Traumatic DissociationR01MH119227 · NIMH · MCLEAN HOSPITAL · PI KAUFMAN, MILISSA L · 2020 to 2024
$3.7MAcademisch Medisch Centrum 110614Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Pilot GrantCongressionally Directed Medical Research Programs W81XWH- 08-2-0038CSRD VA I01 CX001135CSRD VA I01 CX001246CSRD VA I01 CX001820CSRD VA I01 CX002096CSRD VA I01 CX002097CSRD VA IK2 CX001680Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB/TRR 58: C06, C07Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD071982, HD085850Health Services Research and Development HFP90-020HSRD VA I01 HX003155Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions No. 20ZDA079Medical Research and Materiel Command W81XWH-13-2-0025Medical Research Council MR/N013700/1National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression 27040National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression NARSAD Young Investigator AwardNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development A core grant to the Waisman CenterNational Natural Science Foundation of China U21A20364, No. 31971020NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000454NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR000454NCATS NIH HHS via its support of (Clinical and Translational Science Awards) Yale Center for Clinical InvestigationNCRR NIH HHS M01 RR000039NIAAA NIH HHS via its support for (P50) Center for the Translational Neuroscience of AlcoholNIA NIH HHS R01 AG059874NIA NIH HHS R56 AG058854NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015922NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD085850NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD003352NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD071982NIMH NIH HHS 1R01MH110483 and 1R21 MH098198NIMH NIH HHS 1R21MH102634NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118428NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH118467NIMH NIH HHS K01MH118467NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH122774NIMH NIH HHS K01MH122774NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH101380NIMH NIH HHS MH098212, MH071537NIMH NIH HHS MH101380NIMH NIH HHS NIMH K01 MH118428NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH043454NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH043454 and T32-MH018931NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH096987NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105355NIMH NIH HHS R01MH105355-01ANIMH NIH HHS R01 MH105535NIMH NIH HHS R01MH105535NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH106574NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107382NIMH NIH HHS R01MH107382-02NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH110483NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111671NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119227NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120400NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH134004NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098198NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH098212NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH102634NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH106998NIMH NIH HHS R21MH106998NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH112956NIMH NIH HHS R21MH112956 and R01MH119227NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH125277NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH071537NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018931NINDS NIH HHS R61 NS120249NINDS NIH HHS R61NS120249Rehabilitation Research and Development Service 1IK2RX000709Rehabilitation Research and Development Service 1K2RX002922Rehabilitation Research and Development Service I01RX000622RRD VA I01 RX000622RRD VA I01 RX001135RRD VA I01 RX001774RRD VA I01 RX001880RRD VA I01 RX002076RRD VA I01 RX002170RRD VA I01 RX002171RRD VA I01 RX002172RRD VA I01 RX002173RRD VA I01 RX002174RRD VA I01 RX003442RRD VA I01 RX003443RRD VA I01 RX003444RRD VA IK2 RX000709RRD VA IK2 RX002922South African Medical Research Council MRC- RFA-IFSP-01-2013/SHARED ROOTSU.S. Department of Defense R01MH111671, R01MH117601, R01AG059874, MJFF 14848U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH08-2-0159U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-10-1-0925U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-12-2-0012U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs I01 CX002097, I01 CX002096, I01 CX001820, I01 HX003155, I01 RX003444, I01 RX003443, I01 RX003442, I01 CX001135, I01 CX001246, I01RX001774, I01 RX001135, I01 RX002076, I01 RX001880, I01 RX002172, I01 RX002173, I01RX 002171, I01 RX002174, and I01 RX002170ZonMw 40-00812-98-10041
Abstract
backgroundPatients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit smaller regional brain volumes in commonly reported regions including the amygdala and hippocampus, regions associated with fear and memory processing. In the current study, we have conducted a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) meta-analysis using whole-brain statistical maps with neuroimaging data from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group.
methodsT1-weighted structural neuroimaging scans from 36 cohorts (PTSD
resultsPTSD patients exhibited smaller GM volumes across the frontal and temporal lobes, and cerebellum, with the most significant effect in the left cerebellum (Hedges'
conclusionsPTSD patients exhibited widespread, regional differences in brain volumes where greater regional deficits appeared to reflect more severe symptoms. Our findings add to the growing literature implicating the cerebellum in PTSD psychopathology.
Indexed as
BrainCerebellumGray MatterStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticWhite MatterAdultFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingbrain structuregray matter volumeneuroimagingPTSDtraumavoxel-based morphometry
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