Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40692275›Full record

ReviewExpert opinion on therapeutic targets2025

Targeting CDK2 and other novel cell cycle targets for breast cancer therapy.

Mei-Kuang Chen, Linjie Luo, Nicole Massoumi, Khandan Keyomarsi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mei-Kuang ChenDepartment of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Linjie LuoDepartment of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Nicole MassoumiDepartment of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Khandan KeyomarsiDepartment of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Funding

Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI DIANE BODURKA · 1985 to 2026
$290.8M
Targeting STAT3 for the Treatment of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistant Advanced Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer PatientsR01CA255960 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI KHANDAN KEYOMARSI · 2021 to 2026
$2.6M
Cytoplasmic cyclin E is an early event for progression to invasive breast cancerR01CA223772 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI KEYOMARSI, KHANDAN · 2018 to 2023
$2.3M
UPWARDS Training Program (Underrepresented Minorities Working Towards Research Diversity in Science)R25CA240137 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI KEYOMARSI, KHANDAN, WATOWICH, STEPHANIE S · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672NCI NIH HHS R01 CA223772NCI NIH HHS R01 CA255960NCI NIH HHS R25 CA240137
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe dysregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is a key driver of cancer progression, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i)-resistant breast cancer, targeting CDK2 offers a promising approach. CDK2 is frequently hyperactivated due to cyclin E1 overexpression or retinoblastoma protein loss, acting as a mechanism that sustains proliferation despite CDK4/6 inhibition. CDK2 inhibitors (CDK2i) show strong anti-tumor activity, particularly in combination with CDK4/6i or immune checkpoint inhibitors. AREAS COVERED: This review explores the biological roles of CDK2 and its regulatory mechanisms. The review highlights the latest advancements in CDK2i, their mechanisms of action, and their potential in combination strategies with CDK4/6i, chemotherapy, and immunotherapies. Additionally, it examines other emerging targets, such as CDK7 and CDK5, which contribute to transcriptional regulation and immune evasion, respectively. EXPERT OPINION: Future research should focus on biomarker-driven patient selection, optimizing CDK2i combinations, and expanding CDK7 inhibitor applications. Integrating multi-omics profiling can refine patient stratification, while combination strategies with chemotherapy, DNA damaging agents, and immunotherapies may enhance efficacy. CDK7 inhibitors could also complement CDK2 targeting by modulating resistance mechanisms. Personalized, adaptive treatment approaches will be key to maximizing the clinical impact of CDK2 and CDK7 inhibitors in breast cancer therapy.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Molecular Targeted TherapyAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsCell CycleDisease ProgressionDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleHumansProtein Kinase InhibitorsAntineoplastic AgentsCDK2 protein, humanCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Protein Kinase Inhibitorsbreast cancerCDK2 inhibitorCDK4/6 inhibitorCDK5CDK7 inhibitortargeted therapies

Identifiers

PMID40692275
PMCPMC12535411

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.