Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40692206›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of nutrition2025

Unfavourable food consumption is exacerbated by low socioeconomic status among children aged 1-5 years in Germany.

Leonie Burgard, Clarissa Spiegler, Maik Döring, Andrea Straßburg, Thorsten Heuer, Sara Jansen, Anna-Kristin Brettschneider, Regina Ensenauer, Stefan Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Leonie BurgardMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3030-071X
Clarissa SpieglerMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.
Maik DöringMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, National Reference Centre for Authentic Food, E.-C.-Baumann-Straße 20, 95326Kulmbach, Germany.
Andrea StraßburgMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.
Thorsten HeuerMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.
Sara JansenMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Child Nutrition, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.
Anna-Kristin BrettschneiderMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Child Nutrition, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.
Regina EnsenauerMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Child Nutrition, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.
Stefan Storcksdieck Genannt BonsmannMax Rubner-Institut (MRI) - Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131Karlsruhe, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diet in the first years of life is a key determinant of lifelong disease risk and is highly affected by socio-economic status (SES). However, the specific relation between SES and food consumption in toddlers and preschoolers is poorly understood. This study assesses SES-related differences in food consumption in 1- to 5-year-olds in Germany using weighed food records (3 + 1 d) of a subsample of 887 children from the cross-sectional Children's Nutrition Survey to Record Food Consumption (KiESEL) undertaken between 2014 and 2017. Children were categorised as having a low, medium or high SES depending on parental income, education and occupation. A two-step generalised linear model corrected for age and sex was applied to assess differences in food consumption, using bootstrapping to address unequal group sizes. Differences between SES groups were found for unfavourable foods (and the subgroups sugar-sweetened beverages and confectionary/desserts), fruit, bread/cereals and fats/oils (

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorSocial ClassChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDiet RecordsFemaleGermanyHumansInfantLow Socioeconomic StatusMaleNutrition SurveysSocioeconomic FactorsFood consumptionNutrition surveyPreschoolersSocio-economic statusToddlers

Identifiers

PMID40692206
PMCPMC12491392

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.