Observational studyBMC health services research2025
Cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus management for households in Northern India - an econometric analysis.
Observational study in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Article
- Pharmaceutical quality and cost-effectiveness of branded versus generic medicines across 22 drug types and 8 therapeutic categories: a citizen-funded comparative study from regulated retail outlets in Kerala, India.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Telemedicine Use Amongst US Children and Young Adults With Autism: Utilization, Costs and Common Conditions.Health services insights · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo estimate the economic burden of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus management and its influencing variables, on urban households in North India.
methodsA community-based prospective, observational, cost-of-illness study was carried out from the patient's perspective, in urban Rohtak, Haryana. Probit, GLM (log link with gamma) and two-part regression techniques were used to model predictors of cost estimates.
resultsCatastrophic health expenditure (CHE) due to T2DM management, was experienced by 10.14% of patients, and 19.59% faced impoverishment. The normalized poverty gap increased by 4.34% post-payment for T2DM as compared to pre-payment. The total cost was ₹17,113 per annum and out-of-pocket payments were ₹10,424. Direct medical cost formed the biggest portion i.e., 54.65% of total cost, whereas direct non-medical cost was 6.26%, and indirect cost was 39.09%. Majority of the total spending was attributed to drugs (42.39%). Insulin therapy, complications, socio-economic status and age at diagnosis were the most common significant predictors of economic burden.
conclusionsThe economic burden of diabetes in India is substantial, driven by both direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity. This high cost is responsible for significant CHE, impoverishment and deepening poverty gap. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive and cost-effective management strategies to mitigate the long-term economic impact of T2DM on urban households.
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