Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40691519›Full record

ArticleNature materials2025

Pure-blue single-layer organic light-emitting diodes based on trap-free hyperfluorescence.

Oskar Sachnik, Naomi Kinaret, Rishabh Saxena, Marvin Manz, Wenlan Liu, Jacob T Blaskovits, Denis Andrienko, Jasper J Michels, Paul W M Blom, Gert-Jan A H Wetzelaer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Oskar SachnikMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4313-5142
Naomi KinaretMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5238-2780
Rishabh SaxenaMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-599X
Marvin ManzMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
Wenlan LiuMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-8725
Jacob T BlaskovitsMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-5508
Denis AndrienkoMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
Jasper J MichelsMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-4449
Paul W M BlomMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-9497
Gert-Jan A H WetzelaerMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany. wetzelaer@mpip-mainz.mpg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6456-8875

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 233630050Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 465145163Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 547125865
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Blue organic light-emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence suffer from low stability and broad emission. Hyperfluorescence-in which the excited state created on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter is transferred to a fluorescent terminal emitter with a narrow emission spectrum-is promising towards improving colour purity and stability. However, direct charge trapping on the smaller-gap terminal emitter may lead to direct emissive losses, inhibited charge transport and charge imbalance. Here we demonstrate single-layer pure-blue hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes that are not compromised by charge trapping on the terminal emitter. We reveal that the energetic disorder of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizer allows for the presence of a terminal emitter with a smaller energy gap, without affecting charge transport. Consequently, the stability benefits of single-layer organic light-emitting diodes can be combined with trap-free hyperfluorescence, resulting in pure-blue emission, a simple device structure, high quantum and power efficiencies, and state-of-the-art operational stability.

Identifiers

PMID40691519
PMCPMC12575368

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.