Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40691216›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Enhanced remediation of Pb(II)-Contaminated Fine-Grained soil using citric acid ex situ leaching coupled with electrochemical treatment.

Xiaoliang Zhao, Shaohui Feng, Bandna Bharti, Fangwei Han, Zhao Lian, Zhaolin Shen, Jing Du, Yide Li, Hanliang Li

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xiaoliang ZhaoEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China. zhaoxiaoliang@lntu.edu.cn.
Shaohui FengEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.
Bandna BhartiDepartment of Chemistry, DAV University, Jalandhar, 144001, Punjab, India.
Fangwei HanCollege of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao City, 125105, Liaoning Province, China.
Zhao LianEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.
Zhaolin ShenEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.
Jing DuEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.
Yide LiEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.
Hanliang LiEnvironmental Science and Engineering Department, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China.

Funding

Open Project of Collaborative Innovation Center of Mine major Disaster Prevention and Environmental Restoration CXZX-2024-01Research on the key technology of anti-freezing and dust suppression for heavy truck pavement in extremely cold open pit mines, Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education 24-1125The Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department for Universities LJ212410147048
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study proposes an efficient ex situ remediation method combining leaching with electrochemical treatment for Pb(II)-contaminated fine-grained soil. During the leaching stage, citric acid (CA) was identified as the optimal leaching agent, with the optimal washing conditions determined as: 0.1 mol/L CA (pH 3), liquid-to-solid ratio of 10, and a duration of 3 h. Under these conditions, the Pb(II) removal rate of 17.21% was achieved. Crucially, electrochemical enhancement was implemented during the filtration phase using a custom-designed vertical apparatus operated under constant current mode (2-4 mA/cm²), significantly improving remediation efficacy. Orthogonal experiments revealed current density as the dominant factor influencing Pb(II) removal. The optimal parameters (P

Indexed as

Constant current operational modeFine-grained soil contaminated with Pb2+Leaching-electrochemical remediation processPb² + removal efficiency

Identifiers

PMID40691216
PMCPMC12280220

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.