Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40690182›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2025

Prevalence, therapeutic approaches, and survival rates of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional claims-based study from 2014 to 2024.

Megan Parker, Kelly Jiang, Anita Kalluri, Alyssa G Arbuiso, Austin Carmichael, Joshua Materi, Tej D Azad, Jinny Suk Ha, Solmaz Sahebjam, David O Kamson and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Megan ParkerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Kelly JiangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Anita KalluriDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Alyssa G ArbuisoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Austin CarmichaelDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Joshua MateriDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Tej D AzadDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Jinny Suk HaDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md, USA.
Solmaz SahebjamDepartment of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David O KamsonDepartment of Neurology, Brain Cancer Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
Kristin J RedmondDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lawrence R KleinbergDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Xiaobu YeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Chetan BettegowdaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
Jordina Rincon-TorroellaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street Phipps Building, Suite 123, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. jrincon2@jhmi.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeBrain metastases (BM) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Updated epidemiological studies are crucial to guide screening and treatment strategies. We investigated the prevalence, timing, and outcomes of BM in patients diagnosed with NSCLC utilizing the TrinetX Oncology database.

methodsData from patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC were extracted from the TrinetX Oncology database. Precocious, synchronous, and metachronous BM were defined as BM diagnosed before, within 2 months, and after 2 months of the NSCLC diagnosis, respectively. Clinical variables were compared between patients with and without BM using Chi-squared and t-tests. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate overall survival (OS), after propensity-score matching for age at diagnosis of NSCLC, sex, stage at diagnosis, extracranial metastases, and cancer-directed therapy.

resultsAmong 25,714 patients with NSCLC, 18.9% had BM (3.1% precocious, 6.5% synchronous, and 9.3% metachronous). The median time to BM was 7.7 months in patients with initial stage IV NSCLC. Patients with BM received significantly higher rates of cancer-directed therapies compared to those without BM. Patients with BM (with or without extracranial metastases) had reduced OS compared to patients with extracranial metastases only (HR[95%CI] = 1.2[1.1-1.3]). Synchronous BM were associated with lower OS than metachronous BM after the diagnosis of NSCLC (HR[95%CI] = 1.8[1.6-2.0]), but not after BM diagnosis.

conclusionBM impact outcomes of patients with NSCLC causing significant morbidity and mortality. Our findings highlight the importance of early detection and targeted interventions in NSCLC patients at risk of BM.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungLung NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesSurvival RateBrain metastasesNon-small cell lung cancerOncologyRetrospective cohortTriNetX

Identifiers

PMID40690182

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.