Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40689955›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026

Investigating the effects of age and conditioning stimulation intensity on SMA-M1 connectivity in younger, middle-aged, and older adults.

Jane Tan, Grant Rowe, Rohan Puri, Merrilee Needham, Michelle Marneweck, Shivani Radia, Ann-Maree Vallence

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jane Tan *Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia. jane.tan@murdoch.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0826-5391
Grant Rowe *Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
Rohan PuriSensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Merrilee NeedhamCentre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Michelle MarneweckDepartment of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Shivani RadiaDiscipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
Ann-Maree VallenceDiscipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.

Funding

Australian Research Council DE190100694Bryant Stokes Neurological Fund Bryant Stokes Neurological FundFiona Wood Foundation Fiona Wood Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to investigate bilateral motor control and connectivity between supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) in younger, middle-aged, and older healthy adults.

methods32 younger (mean age 22.8 ± 5.3 years), 18 middle-aged (47.6 ± 6.5 years), and 23 older (75.8 ± 6.7 years) adults were tested. Bilateral motor control was assessed using the Purdue pegboard. Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure SMA-M1 connectivity at different conditioning stimulation intensities.

resultsOlder adults had significantly poorer motor performance than younger and middle-aged in all pegboard subtests. Notably, there were no conclusive differences in motor performance between younger and middle-aged adults. There was no conclusive evidence supporting age-related and intensity-related differences in SMA-M1 connectivity between younger, middle-aged, and older adults. There was also no conclusive evidence to support clear associations between SMA-M1 connectivity and bilateral motor control.

conclusionAge-related declines in bilateral motor functioning was found in older, but not middle-aged adults. The bilateral motor functioning of middle-aged adults is more young-like than old-like. The lack of conclusive age- and intensity-related differences in SMA-M1 connectivity, and lack of conclusive association with bilateral motor performance, might be due to high inter-individual variability in SMA-M1 connectivity. Potential factors contributing to this variability include SMA and M1 morphometry, the structural connectivity between these regions, and the localisation of SMA.

Indexed as

AgingMotor CortexAdultAgedAge FactorsEvoked Potentials, MotorFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTranscranial Magnetic StimulationYoung AdultAgeingBilateral motor controlFunctional connectivityPrimary motor cortexSupplementary motor areaTranscranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID40689955
PMCPMC12881103

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.