ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025
Bidirectional causal links between diabetes mellitus and autoimmune liver diseases: Insights from Mendelian randomization.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetes, a growing global public health issue, is often associated with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), such as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), in both type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the causal relationship between these conditions remains unclear.
methodsWe used two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore causal links between AILD and diabetes. Genetic variants identified from genome-wide association studies were used as instruments. Sensitivity and multivariable analyses adjusted for potential confounders were performed to assess the robustness of findings.
resultsGenetically predicted PBC (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19-1.67) and PSC (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14-1.68) were associated with an increased risk of T1DM. PBC (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05) was also linked to a higher risk of T2DM. In reverse MR analysis, genetically predicted T1DM was associated with an increased risk of PBC (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50), PSC (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.41), and AIH (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.19). Multivariable MR confirmed the causal effect of PBC and PSC on T1DM, but the link between PBC and T2DM weakened after adjusting for BMI and inflammatory bowel disease.
conclusionsThis study identifies bidirectional causal relationships between PBC/PSC and T1DM, suggesting shared pathogenesis, and T1DM also raises the risk for AIH. Although the link between PBC and T2DM weakened after adjusting for confounders, it highlights the complexity of genetic and environmental interactions, underscoring the importance of diabetes screening in AILD patients and guiding potential targeted therapies.
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